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notes

3/18

Islam

Homework Downloads:

Class Outline

I. History of Islam

II. Doctrinal Differences

III. Sharing the Gospel with Muslims

I. History of Islam

1. Origin

History of the Man: Mohammed (AD 570-632)

Born in Mecca in AD 570
Both parents die while he was young
Raised by his uncle
Mohammed most likely was influenced by Monophylies (who tech Christ had only a divine nature) and Nestorians (who teach that Jesus wasn’t both fully God and fully man) and the Jewish Talmud
Married at 25 to his wealthy widow employer who was 40
Mohammed spent the next 15 years in solitary meditation
While meditating the archangel Gabriel came to him in a dream in which he was given revelations concerning the Qur’an
The Qur’an is Mohammed’s reciting of the revelations given to him
Mohammed began to preach in the marketplace in Mecca
Mohammed never claimed to be divine but that he was a prophet of Allah
He spoke against the polytheism of his day and was met with bitter opposition
His wife and uncle died in AD 620
He was forced to flee in AD 622
In AD 630 Meccans formed an army to destroy Mohammed and his followers but were unsuccessful
Mohammed destroyed all the idols in Mecca except for the Black Stone which is a meteorite
Mohammed died AD 632

2. Development

History of the Movement: Islam

Crash Course in History: Islam (13 minutes here)[1]

Spread of Islamic Culture | World History | Khan Academy (8 minutes here)[2]

Short Timeline of Islam (after Mohammed)[3]

“The first centuries of Islam gave rise to three major sects: Sunnis, Shi’as and Kharijites. Each sect developed distinct jurisprudence schools reflecting different methodologies of jurisprudence.[4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad

The succession to Muhammad is the central issue that divided the Muslim community into several divisions in the first century of Muslim history
Umar ibn al-Khattab – supporters became known as the Sunnis. He became the political leader
Ali ibn Abi Talib – Mohammed’s chosen successor, his supporters became known as Shias. Was the spiritual and religious leader

Branches of Islam[5]

Sunni Muslims (80%)
Shia Muslims (10–13%)
Sufi (1%)

Population of the branches

Denomination Population

Sunni 1.4 billion

Shia 154–200 million

Ibadi 2.7 million

Ahmadiyya 10–20 million

Back Muslims

Began with Timothy Drew (who changed his name to Noble Drew Ali) in 1913; he called for an overthrow of white culture
Wallace Fard Mohammed, claimed to be Ali reincarnated (after Ali died in 1919) and he formed the Nation of Islam in 1930
Elijah Mohammed took over after Wallace disappeared in 1935
Malcom X moved from the Nation of Islam to orthodox (Sunni) Islam after a pilgrimage to Mecca. He was assassinated in 1965 by Black Muslims. For a short Bio on Malcom X Here [6]
Nation of Islam grew rapidly in 1960-1970
Present day Black Muslims are considered “un-Islamic” by orthodox Muslims

3. Doctrine

The Six Doctrines of Islam

Every Muslim is required to believe

God – There is only one God and His name is Allah.
Angels – the Chief angel is Gabriel (who appeared to Mohammed), a fallen angel named Shaitan (from the Hebrew Satan) who has followers called jinns (daemons)
Scripture – the Torah of Moses, the Zabur (Psalms of David), Injil (Gospel) of Jesus, and the Qur’an. But the first three were corrupted so that only the Qur’an can be fully trusted and has the final authority
Mohammed – the greatest and last prophet (of the 28 which the Qur’an lists)
The end times – the dead resurrected, Allah will judge, people sent to heaven or hell.
Predestination – only God’s will is ever done

The Five Pillars of the Faith

Five duties to preform:

Statement of Belief – publicly and in Arabic recite the Shahadah – “There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is the prophet of Allah.”
Prayer – 5x daily facing in the direction of Mecca
Alms – 2.5% to the widows, orphans, sick an otherwise poor
Ramadan – 9^th month of the Islamic lunar year (this year it is: Ramadan 2018 will begin on Wednesday, 16th May 2018 and end on Thursday, 14th June 2018)
Pilgrimage to Mecca – called Hajj must be performed at least once in a lifetime

Scripture

The Torah of Moses
The Zabur (Psalms of David)
Injil (Gospel) of Jesus
Qur’an.

But the first three were corrupted so that only the Qur’an can be fully trusted and has the final authority

The Qur’an is the sacred scripture

About four fiths the length of the NT
Includes 114 surahs (chapters)
Some of these chapters were dictated by Mohammed, the rest were written by his disciples
All of the Qur’an is considered to be God’s words

Hadith – supplement the teaching of the Qur’an

It is composed of the official collection of the Sunnah
Sunnah – lit. the path – Teachings and traditions build on Mohammed’s life and conduct

Shariah – law

Legal interpretations of the Qur’an

A strict and comprehensive guild of life and conduct for Muslims

II. Doctrinal Differences

1. Scripture

Though some of the Christian Scriptures are held to as Scripture, it is the Qur’an that has the final authority
The Hadith and Shariah are also authoritative for most Muslims

2. Salvation

Denies that man cannot save himself – professes that ‘each person must take care of his own sins’
SAHIH INTERNATIONAL

“And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And if a heavily laden soul calls [another] to [carry some of] its load, nothing of it will be carried, even if he should be a close relative. You can only warn those who fear their Lord unseen and have established prayer. And whoever purifies himself only purifies himself for [the benefit of] his soul. And to Allah is the [final] destination.” (Quran 35:18)

Denies the substitutionary death of Jesus (and the historical crucifixion [Qur’an 4:157])
SAHIH INTERNATIONAL 4:157

And [for] their saying, “Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah.” And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.

3. Jesus

Muhammad’s Errors About Jesus – by James White (1.5 hours here)[7]

Denies the Trinity – Teaching that God is one in person and in essence
Denies the personal nature of God – God is not “Father”
Denies the deity of Jesus as the Son of God

III. Sharing the Gospel with Muslims

1. Where to start:

“As people whose confidence is not in themselves, but in the God who sent His Son to reconcile them to Him, Christians have incredibly good news to share with Muslims who are willing to listen.” (86)

When sharing his faith with a Muslim[8]

Contrast the uncertainty of the Muslim’s salvation with the certainty of salvation through Jesus Christ (John 5:24).
Contrast the Muslim belief in righteousness through works with the Bible’s teaching that no good work can make a person righteous; it is only through Christ’s righteousness that a person can be saved (Romans 5:21).
Contrast the Muslim belief that all will enter hell with the Bible’s teaching that only Satan, the demons, and the unsaved will enter hell (2 Peter 2:4; Revelation 20:15).
Contrast the Islamic teaching that salvation is through Allah’s arbitrary choosing and can only be known after death with the Christian hope that the truly repentant heart can be saved by grace through personal faith in Jesus Christ’s finished work on the Cross